Shapinsay Square Dance: change and reaction on an Orkney Island, 1846-7.

In October 1846, just before setting off on a continental tour to collect works of art for the castle he was building, the new laird of Shapinsay, David Balfour of Balfour and Trenaby, gave a dance for his harvest workers. But dancing was a sin, said the elders of the island's Secession church, and they disciplined several of their flock for having taken part. Outraged, the laird demanded that the elders apologize or be evicted. Yet this was more than just a question of religious conscience versus a landlord's pique, for revolutionary change was in the air. Balfour and his factor, Marcus Calder, were redrawing the map of Shapinsay from one end to the other with square fields, new farms and a new type of farming. They left no room for opposition. The dancing affair became, in Calder's words a trial of strength as to whether the laird or the Secession elders were vested with the greater authority in the parish. There could be only one winner. 'Shapinsay Square Dance' tells the vivid tale of this pivotal moment in Orkney's age of improvement